Power-to-Ammonia

This paper provides an overview of the different fuel categories defined in EU legislative texts, detailing their respective definitions and regulatory requirements. The classification of fuels into distinct categories is critical for regulating and promoting emerging energy carriers like hydrogen and PtX technologies. These classifications play a pivotal role in ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements, understanding certification approaches and accessing market incentives. 

The report explores the transformative potential of green ammonia in promoting sustainable energy and agricultural systems. It highlights ammonia's critical role in agriculture and industry and provides recommendations to support the transition towards green ammonia production, such as public-private partnerships, and policies that de-risk investments.

Developed with our partner Agora Verkehrswende, the report addresses the critical need to accelerate the adoption of PtX fuels in transport to meet global climate neutrality goals. It addresses how PtX in transport is often overlooked due to scarcity and higher costs, and analyses various policy instruments to mitigate the substantial price gap between PtX fuels and conventional alternatives.

The report examines the current state and future prospects of South Africa's maritime sector in the context of global efforts to decarbonise shipping. It highlights the strategic importance of South African ports, particularly the Port of Durban, which handles approximately 60% of the country's container traffic. The briefing analyses vessel traffic, shipping emissions, freight dynamics, and policy implications, concluding with eight recommendations.

The study analyses the potential of green hydrogen (H2V) and PtX in Argentina’s energy transition, and their adoption in the industrial and transportation sector. Centering defossilisation, the study provides short-, medium- and long-term estimates of potential consumption of H2V, greenhouse gas emissions reductions and main opportunities and barriers to sectoral adoption.

The guide is designed to support the identification and evaluation of the environmental and social impacts of green hydrogen and PtX projects in Argentina. It focuses on the production stage of green hydrogen and PtX products, and provides practical guidance for project proponents, investors, and industry professionals to help ensure compliance and effective planning.

The guideline is a comprehensive resource for stakeholders aiming to develop green hydrogen and PtX projects in Argentina. It covers four key project types: green hydrogen, green methanol, green ammonia, and e-Sustainable Aviation Fuel (e-SAF). An interdisciplinary approach aims to equip project developers, policymakers, academics, and service providers with the necessary tools and knowledge to navigate the complexities of PtX project development in Argentina.

The report examines how green hydrogen and PtX technologies can support Argentina in achieving its climate goals under the Paris Agreement. It emphasises the integration of PtX strategies into national climate planning, aiming to meet Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and advance a long-term low-emissions development strategy by 2050. The study highlights additional benefits such as job creation, increased exports of value-added products, and a positive impact on the trade balance.

2025 is a significant year for the early production of synthetic fuels. 100 years ago, in 1925, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was invented in Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany. The two chemists, Frank Fischer and Hans Tropsch, originally developed the synthesis to convert coal into liquid fuels, but the chemical process is today used to convert a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen into various hydrocarbon compounds – such as liquid fuels.

Fischer-Tropsch will therefore play a key role in the production of synthetic fuels with green hydrogen to defossilise aviation, shipping and the chemical sector, among others. Not just this year, but in the race to 2050 to reach net-zero emissions.